Ever thought you might be having some Layer 4 connectivity issues? Pings as you should know are ICMP transmissions and ICMP is a Layer 3 protocol (commonly used to send error messages). Luckily Cisco has a hidden ( as in it wont show up when using IOS help ) utility for testing TCP connectivity. The […]
How does latency effect throughput?
One of the questions I get asked several times a week by my clients is as such. While most people never associate latency with the amount of data they can send across a single TCP stream, engineers need to understand this concept. Luckily, someone has done most of the leg work for us. Many years […]
